An Analysis of Pronouns in Ketapang Malay Dialect: Contributions to the Development of Educational Sciences Based on Local Wisdom
Keywords:
Pronouns, Dialect, Ketapang Malay, regional language, West Kalimantan
Abstract
This study examines the types of pronouns in the Ketapang Malay dialect based on their referents. Three kinds of pronouns—personal, demonstrative, and interrogative—were used to characterise the sentences and original utterances of speakers of the Ketapang Malay dialect whose data were collected. The results demonstrate that every kind of pronoun has a unique phonological form and is employed in various social contexts, reflecting speaker intentions, geographic location, interpersonal relationships, and ownership. Interrogative pronouns display local forms of apə, siapə, manə, ŋapə, cammmanə, and bilə; demonstrative pronouns have variations like seneʔ, sənun, ɲan, bəgeneʔ, gian, and bəgian, which represent deictic distance; and personal pronouns are differentiated by number and degree of formality, such as aku, saya, kaw, sidaʔ, and diə. Possessive pronouns display a combined form with the word noʔ aku ‘mine’. Pronoun forms and functions in the Ketapang Malay dialect are abundant and reflect the social and cultural structure of the local community, according to this investigation.
References
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Desi, R., & Jafar, S. (2020). Pronomina Penunjuk Tempat dalam Bahasa Bima Desa Tonda Kecamatan Madapangga. Kopula: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.29303/kopula.v2i1.413
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Foster, S. M., & Welsh, A. (2023). Pronominal choice: Indonesian diglossic code-switching on the Kick Andy show. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v13i1.58281
Freundschuh, S. M., & Blades, M. (2022). Put the Horse NEXT to the Lake and FAR from the Water Tower: Locative Understanding in Geographic Environments. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(2), 410–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2021.1935688
Hernina, Karlina, Y., & Puspitasari, D. A. (2024). Gender Patterns in Indonesian: A Corpus Study of Personal Pronoun References “Ia” and “Dia.” OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 18(1), 98–115. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v18i1.12491
Hickey, R. (2017). Dialectology, Philology, and Historical Linguistics. In C. Boberg, J. Nerbonne, & D. Watt (Eds.), The Handbook of Dialectology (1st ed., pp. 23–38). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118827628.ch1
Höhn, G. F. K. (2025). A word order typology of adnominal person. Linguistic Typology, 29(1), 35–80. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2023-0080
Irawan, Y., Setiawan, F. A., Asfar, D. A., Irmayani, Herpanus, & Pramulya, M. (2024). Lexical and post-lexical prosodic documentation of Embaloh language. ILS, 13(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.6025.2024
Jupitasari, M., Zar’in, F., & Asfar, D. A. (2024). Exploring Sukadana’s Medicinal Lexicon: Assessing Knowledge Levels in Malay Plants among School-Age and Adult Populations. Ideguru, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.51169/ideguru.v9i2.1019
Kroo, J. (2022). Negotiating identities: First person pronominal use between Japanese university students. Pragmatics and Society, 13(1), 22–44. https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.18061.kro
Kuzmová, L. (2024). Factors pragmàtics de l’explicitació dels pronoms de subjecte de primera persona en el discurs parlamentari. Estudios Románicos, 33, 405–417. https://doi.org/10.6018/ER.576461
Lau, Y. B. E. S. L. L., Isodorus, P. B., & Wardani, M. M. S. (2022). Pronomina Melayu Kupang. SINTESIS, 16(1), 50–61.
Manns, H. (2012). First-Person Pronominal Variation, Stance and Identity in Indonesia. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 32(4), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2012.744265
Mignot, É. (2018). The demonstrative THAT and the elaboration of reference: A case of linguistic accommodation. Anglophonia, 25, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4000/anglophonia.1574
Muhidin, R. (2020). Pronomina Bahasa Komering. Kibas Cenderawasih, 17(1), 33–45.
Nasution, M. M., Izar, J., & Chotimah, K. (2024). Identifikasi Deiksis Persona pada Film Pendek Aku dan Mesin Waktu: Kajian Pragmatik. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 24(2), 954. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v24i2.5153
Patriantoro, P. (2022). Geography of the Malay Dialect in Kapuas Hulu Regency West Kalimantan. JELTL, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v7i1.757
Putra, I. M., Asfar, D. A., & Syahrani, A. (2023). Unlocking Melawi Malay Medicine Mantras: Sound Patterns and Ecological Symbolism of Oral Literature. REiLA Journal, 5(3), 313–335. https://doi.org/10.31849/reila.v5i3.16017
Rafael, A. M. D., & Nama, D. Y. (2022). Konstruksi Kalimat Transitif Bahasa Melayu Kupang (Kajian Tatabahasa Leksikal Fungsional). HINEF : Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37792/hinef.v1i1.386
Seraku, T. (2024). Placeholders in crosslinguistic perspective: Abilities, preferences, and usage motives. Linguistics, 62(6), 1473–1498. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2023-0068
Serrano, M. J. (2018). Análisis cognitivo-discursivo y situacional de las formas de tratamiento en función de sujeto y de objeto en español. Spanish in Context, 15(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00005.ser
Softić, M. (2003). Socio-political conditions of dialectics, division and basic linguistic features. Zbornik Radova Islamskog Pedagoškog Fakulteta u Zenici (Online), 1, 194–209. https://doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2003.194
Sukesti, R. (2012). Persona kedua dalam bahasa Jawa: Kajian sosiolinguistik. Humaniora, 12(3), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.22146/JH.V12I3.701
Sulissusiawan, A., Asfar, D. A., Duantika, P., & Wartiningsih, A. (2024). The worldview of human character in the novels Kapal Terbang Sembilan and Djampea by M. Yanis. Diksi, 32(2), 209–222. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v32i2
Syahrani, A., Asfar, D. A., Lubna, S., & Febrianti, B. K. (2021). Leksikon Gejala Covid-19 dalam Bahasa-Bahasa Bidayuhik di Kalimantan Barat. RNH, 10(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v10i2.4068
Syahrani, A., Asfar, D. A., Lubna, S., & Irmayani, I. (2022). Personal Pronouns in Bidayuhic Language at the West Kalimantan, Indonesia – Sarawak, Malaysia Borderland: 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), Makassar, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.044
Taha, M., Ratnawati, Asfar, D. A., Hariyanto, P., B., M. A., Yunus, A., Warami, H., & Rizal, A. (2023). Repetation of Personal Pronouns in Taba Language. In M. Hasyim (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Linguistics and Cultural (ICLC 2022) (Vol. 756, pp. 387–395). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-070-1_34
Trager, G. L. (1967). A Componential Morphemic Analysis of English Personal Pronouns. Language, 43(1), 372. https://doi.org/10.2307/411403
Vieu, L., Bras, M., Asher, N., & Aurnague, M. (2005). Locating adverbials in discourse. Journal of French Language Studies, 15(2), 173–193. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959269505002073
Wehril, A., & Mat Awal, N. (2014). Second Person Reference in Indonesian Christian Prayer: A Sociolinguistic Analysis. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 14(03), 175–189. https://doi.org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1403-11
Wilcox, S., & Occhino, C. (2016). Constructing signs: Place as a symbolic structure in signed languages. Cognitive Linguistics, 27(3), 371–404. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0003
Winarti, A., Elsera, C., & Marwanti, M. (2020). Contrastive Analysis Between Indonesian and English Demonstrative Pronouns. LITERASI, 1(2), 47–58. http://jkqh.uniqhba.ac.id/index.php/literasi/article/download/151/99
Wiyanda, S. S., Asfar, D. A., & Syahrani, A. (2024). Persebaran Pronomina Penunjuk dalam Bahasa Melayu di Kalimantan Barat: Kajian Geolinguistik. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 13(5), 955–968. https://doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v13i5.77375
Zhao, J. (2021). Demonstrative References of This and That in English Speeches by Chinese College Students. Journal of South Asian Studies, 8(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.33687/jsas.008.01.3331
Ahyat, I. S. (2014). The Dynamics of Malay Culture in West Kalimantan in the 20th Century. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 8(3), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v8i3.268
Asfar, D. A. (2004). Sastra lisan Iban Sungai Rimbas: Perspektif etnopuitika [Thesis]. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Asfar, D. A. (2015). Kekerabatan dan pemetaan bahasa-bahasa Dayak di Tayan Hulu. Yogyakarta: Elmatera.
Asfar, D. A. (2016a). Kalimat Syahadat dalam Mantra Melayu di Ketapang: Strategi Islamisasi Penduduk Lokal. Kandai, 12(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.26499/jk.v12i1.71
Asfar, D. A. (2016b). Kearifan lokal dan ciri kebahasaan teks naratif masyarakat Iban. Lit, 15(2), 366–378. https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v15i2.11835
Asfar, D. A. (2017). Klasifikasi bahasa Dayak Pruwan sebagai bahasa Bidayuhik. Kandai, 10(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.26499/jk.v10i2.318
Asfar, D. A. (2019). Ciri-ciri bahasa Melayu Pontianak berbasis korpus lagu balek kampong. tuahtalino, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26499/tt.v13i1.1474
Asfar, D. A., Sulissusiawan, A., & Priyadi, A. T. (2023). Pragmatic analysis of the use of Indonesian blasphemy cases in BAP Singkawang police investigators. 12(4).
Atimi, R. L., Orama, R., & Ruhibnur, R. (2023). Pengembangan Aplikasi Kamus Bahasa Melayu Dialek Ketapang dengan Implementasi Algoritma Binary Search. Journal of Applied Computer Science and Technology, 4(2), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.52158/jacost.v4i2.483
Aziz, ’Aqilah. (2020). ‘Me inda nampak’ – Pronoun Use in Malay-English Codemixed Social Media Texts. J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies, 1(2), 94. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jes.2020.1.2.3482
Charney, R. (1979). The comprehension of ‘here’ and ‘there.’ Journal of Child Language, 6(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900007625
Crawford, W. J., & Csomay, E. (2024). Referential pronouns it, this , and that in university classroom discourse. International Journal of English for Academic Purposes: Research and Practice, 4(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.3828/ijeap.2024.3
Darvishov, I. (2019). Dialects are a Historical Evidence of Interethnic Linguistics(Based on the poems of South-west Namangan). Uzbekistan: Language and Culture, 1(4), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2019.4/NEQS6803
Desi, R., & Jafar, S. (2020). Pronomina Penunjuk Tempat dalam Bahasa Bima Desa Tonda Kecamatan Madapangga. Kopula: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.29303/kopula.v2i1.413
Djenar, D. N. (2008). Which self? Pronominal choice, modernity, and self-categorizations. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2008(189). https://doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2008.002
Djenar, D. N. (2010). Reliable words Third person pronouns in Indonesian News Reports. Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 12(2), 269. https://doi.org/10.17510/wjhi.v12i2.118
Escobar, A. M. (2008). Viewpoint from Sociolinguistics and Contact Linguistics: On the Role of Dialectology in Modern Linguistics. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 1(1), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2008-1011
Foster, S. M., & Welsh, A. (2023). Pronominal choice: Indonesian diglossic code-switching on the Kick Andy show. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v13i1.58281
Freundschuh, S. M., & Blades, M. (2022). Put the Horse NEXT to the Lake and FAR from the Water Tower: Locative Understanding in Geographic Environments. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(2), 410–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2021.1935688
Hernina, Karlina, Y., & Puspitasari, D. A. (2024). Gender Patterns in Indonesian: A Corpus Study of Personal Pronoun References “Ia” and “Dia.” OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 18(1), 98–115. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v18i1.12491
Hickey, R. (2017). Dialectology, Philology, and Historical Linguistics. In C. Boberg, J. Nerbonne, & D. Watt (Eds.), The Handbook of Dialectology (1st ed., pp. 23–38). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118827628.ch1
Höhn, G. F. K. (2025). A word order typology of adnominal person. Linguistic Typology, 29(1), 35–80. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2023-0080
Irawan, Y., Setiawan, F. A., Asfar, D. A., Irmayani, Herpanus, & Pramulya, M. (2024). Lexical and post-lexical prosodic documentation of Embaloh language. ILS, 13(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.6025.2024
Jupitasari, M., Zar’in, F., & Asfar, D. A. (2024). Exploring Sukadana’s Medicinal Lexicon: Assessing Knowledge Levels in Malay Plants among School-Age and Adult Populations. Ideguru, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.51169/ideguru.v9i2.1019
Kroo, J. (2022). Negotiating identities: First person pronominal use between Japanese university students. Pragmatics and Society, 13(1), 22–44. https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.18061.kro
Kuzmová, L. (2024). Factors pragmàtics de l’explicitació dels pronoms de subjecte de primera persona en el discurs parlamentari. Estudios Románicos, 33, 405–417. https://doi.org/10.6018/ER.576461
Lau, Y. B. E. S. L. L., Isodorus, P. B., & Wardani, M. M. S. (2022). Pronomina Melayu Kupang. SINTESIS, 16(1), 50–61.
Manns, H. (2012). First-Person Pronominal Variation, Stance and Identity in Indonesia. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 32(4), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2012.744265
Mignot, É. (2018). The demonstrative THAT and the elaboration of reference: A case of linguistic accommodation. Anglophonia, 25, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4000/anglophonia.1574
Muhidin, R. (2020). Pronomina Bahasa Komering. Kibas Cenderawasih, 17(1), 33–45.
Nasution, M. M., Izar, J., & Chotimah, K. (2024). Identifikasi Deiksis Persona pada Film Pendek Aku dan Mesin Waktu: Kajian Pragmatik. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 24(2), 954. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v24i2.5153
Patriantoro, P. (2022). Geography of the Malay Dialect in Kapuas Hulu Regency West Kalimantan. JELTL, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v7i1.757
Putra, I. M., Asfar, D. A., & Syahrani, A. (2023). Unlocking Melawi Malay Medicine Mantras: Sound Patterns and Ecological Symbolism of Oral Literature. REiLA Journal, 5(3), 313–335. https://doi.org/10.31849/reila.v5i3.16017
Rafael, A. M. D., & Nama, D. Y. (2022). Konstruksi Kalimat Transitif Bahasa Melayu Kupang (Kajian Tatabahasa Leksikal Fungsional). HINEF : Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37792/hinef.v1i1.386
Seraku, T. (2024). Placeholders in crosslinguistic perspective: Abilities, preferences, and usage motives. Linguistics, 62(6), 1473–1498. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2023-0068
Serrano, M. J. (2018). Análisis cognitivo-discursivo y situacional de las formas de tratamiento en función de sujeto y de objeto en español. Spanish in Context, 15(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00005.ser
Softić, M. (2003). Socio-political conditions of dialectics, division and basic linguistic features. Zbornik Radova Islamskog Pedagoškog Fakulteta u Zenici (Online), 1, 194–209. https://doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2003.194
Sukesti, R. (2012). Persona kedua dalam bahasa Jawa: Kajian sosiolinguistik. Humaniora, 12(3), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.22146/JH.V12I3.701
Sulissusiawan, A., Asfar, D. A., Duantika, P., & Wartiningsih, A. (2024). The worldview of human character in the novels Kapal Terbang Sembilan and Djampea by M. Yanis. Diksi, 32(2), 209–222. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v32i2
Syahrani, A., Asfar, D. A., Lubna, S., & Febrianti, B. K. (2021). Leksikon Gejala Covid-19 dalam Bahasa-Bahasa Bidayuhik di Kalimantan Barat. RNH, 10(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v10i2.4068
Syahrani, A., Asfar, D. A., Lubna, S., & Irmayani, I. (2022). Personal Pronouns in Bidayuhic Language at the West Kalimantan, Indonesia – Sarawak, Malaysia Borderland: 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), Makassar, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.044
Taha, M., Ratnawati, Asfar, D. A., Hariyanto, P., B., M. A., Yunus, A., Warami, H., & Rizal, A. (2023). Repetation of Personal Pronouns in Taba Language. In M. Hasyim (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Linguistics and Cultural (ICLC 2022) (Vol. 756, pp. 387–395). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-070-1_34
Trager, G. L. (1967). A Componential Morphemic Analysis of English Personal Pronouns. Language, 43(1), 372. https://doi.org/10.2307/411403
Vieu, L., Bras, M., Asher, N., & Aurnague, M. (2005). Locating adverbials in discourse. Journal of French Language Studies, 15(2), 173–193. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959269505002073
Wehril, A., & Mat Awal, N. (2014). Second Person Reference in Indonesian Christian Prayer: A Sociolinguistic Analysis. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 14(03), 175–189. https://doi.org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1403-11
Wilcox, S., & Occhino, C. (2016). Constructing signs: Place as a symbolic structure in signed languages. Cognitive Linguistics, 27(3), 371–404. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0003
Winarti, A., Elsera, C., & Marwanti, M. (2020). Contrastive Analysis Between Indonesian and English Demonstrative Pronouns. LITERASI, 1(2), 47–58. http://jkqh.uniqhba.ac.id/index.php/literasi/article/download/151/99
Wiyanda, S. S., Asfar, D. A., & Syahrani, A. (2024). Persebaran Pronomina Penunjuk dalam Bahasa Melayu di Kalimantan Barat: Kajian Geolinguistik. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 13(5), 955–968. https://doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v13i5.77375
Zhao, J. (2021). Demonstrative References of This and That in English Speeches by Chinese College Students. Journal of South Asian Studies, 8(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.33687/jsas.008.01.3331
Published
2025-02-28
How to Cite
M.Y., S., Daffa Priska Febianti, Prima Duantika, & Hilali Rabbani Al-Asfar. (2025). An Analysis of Pronouns in Ketapang Malay Dialect: Contributions to the Development of Educational Sciences Based on Local Wisdom. Journal Informatic, Education and Management (JIEM), 7(1), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.61992/jiem.v7i1.146
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