LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE USE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA
Keywords:
Blockchain, Legal Responsibility, Islamic Economic Law.
Abstract
The development of blockchain brings efficiency, transparency, and security to transactions, but at the same time raises the issue of attribution of responsibility when there are smart contract errors, data leaks, system failures, or user losses. This study uses normative legal methods through legislative, conceptual, and Islamic law approaches with primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that legal responsibility in the blockchain ecosystem cannot be centered on one party, but rather needs to be divided proportionally according to the level of control and risk contribution of each legal subject. Developers are responsible for code security, system design, and smart contract reliability. The platform assumes obligations for service governance, consumer protection, and data security. Users remain responsible for the legitimate and secure use of the technology. In the perspective of Islamic economic law, the principles of amanah, dhaman, and maslahah affirm the importance of accountability, justice, and usefulness in the use of blockchain. This research emphasizes the need to harmonize national regulations and sharia values so that the blockchain ecosystem develops responsibly, adaptively, and protects the interests of the parties. The findings also show that an adaptive legal framework is needed to prevent norm vacuums and clarify recovery mechanisms when losses occur.
References
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Desky, H., & Hye, A. K. M. (2025). Exploring Smart Contracts In Islamic Finance: Blockchain-Based Shariah-Compliant Transactions. AT-TIJARAH: Jurnal Penelitian Keuangan Dan Perbankan Syariah, 7(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.52490/at-tijarah.v7i1.6022
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Dingman, W., Cohen, A., Ferrara, N., Lynch, A., Jasinski, P., Black, P. E., & Deng, L. (2019). Defects and Vulnerabilities in Smart Contracts, a Classification using the NIST Bugs Framework. International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing, 7(3), 121. https://doi.org/10.2991/ijndc.k.190710.003
Doshi, A. R., & Schmidt, W. (2024). Soft Governance Across Digital Platforms Using Transparency. Strategy Science, 9(2), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2023.0006
Ernayani, R. (2026). Blockchain-Enabled Digital Financial Systems in Islamic Banking: Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review. IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 15(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.54471/iqtishoduna.v15i1.3010
Fitri Natasha Dachi, & Urbanisasi Urbanisasi. (2025). Tanggung Jawab Perdata dalam Transaksi Crypto Asset: Kajian Terhadap Risiko Kerugian Investor. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 3(2), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v3i2.5638
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Gorwa, R., & Veale, M. (2024). Moderating model marketplaces: platform governance puzzles for AI intermediaries. Law, Innovation and Technology, 16(2), 341–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2024.2388914
Guo, H., & Yu, X. (2022). A survey on blockchain technology and its security. Blockchain: Research and Applications, 3(2), 100067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100067
H Muhamad Rezky Pahlawan MP, & Baharuddin Riqiey. (2025). The Evolution of Contractual Liability in Smart Agreements: Legal Challenges of Blockchain-Based Transactions within Civil and Criminal Law Perspectives. Journal of Civil Criminal Law, 1(3), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.70062/jccl.v1i3.145
Harahap, K., & Hendrawan, Y. (2025). Pengembangan Sistem Pembayaran Berbasis Blockchain dalam Perbankan Syariah: Peluang, Tantangan, dan Perspektif Regulasi. JPEK (Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan), 9(2). https://doi.org/10.29408/jpek.v9i2.31707
Hidayati, M. N., Surono, A., & Darodjat, T. A. (2026). Formulating The Principle of Intermediary Liability Based On John Rawls’ Distributive Justice 1*. https://doi.org/10.66314/sipakatau.v3i3.596
Hidayatullah, M. S., Kristiane, D., Saggaf Aljufri, M., & Hidayatullah, N. (2023). PELUANG IJTIHAD HUKUM PENGGUNAAN UANG DIGITAL SEBAGAI ASET DAN ALAT TRANSAKSI DI INDONESIA. Tadayun: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 4(2), 189–216. https://doi.org/10.24239/tadayun.v4i2.213
Izmi, N., & Siagian, A. W. (2024). Technological Innovation of the Crypto-Asset Financial Sector in Indonesia after Law Number 4 of 2023 Concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector. The International Journal of Financial Systems, 2(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.61459/ijfs.v2i1.34
Liu, Y., Lu, Q., Zhu, L., Paik, H.-Y., & Staples, M. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Governance.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2008). Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.
Maleha, N. Y., Nopriansyah, W., & Setiawan, B. (2022). Dinamika Transaksi Cryptocurrency: Antara Haram Dan Halal. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(3), 3114. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.5935
Moh Ainul Yaqin, Siti Kamiliyah Adriani, & Nur Kholis. (2025). Algorithmic Trust and Digital Gharar: A Maqāṣidiyyah Framework for Evaluating Blockchain in Islamic Trade Systems. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 3(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijema.v3i1.1072
Muhammad Fadhil Abrar Lasawedi. (2023). Rancang Bangun Penyimpanan Terdistribusi Menggunakan Blockchain Dengan Protokol Interplanetary Filesystem (LPFS) [Thesis, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang]. https://repository.poliupg.ac.id/id/eprint/8800
Musthafa, A. R., Putri, R. Y., Farizki, A. A., & Alma, S. A. (2024). Lex Cryptographia: Legal Extensions to Smart Contract Breaches and Governance in Blockchain Systems. Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum, 4(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.19184/jkph.v4i2.53366
Nouruzzaman, A., Sabami, A., Humaidi, Arno, Abd. K., Mantovani, Muh. Y., & Pakata, A. S. S. (2026). Conceptual Framework of Digital Amanah: Blockchain as Trust Infrastructure and Stablecoin as Value Instrument in Islamic Economics: a Systematic Literature Review. Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 11(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.24256/alw.v11i1.10058
Novelli, C., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2024). Accountability in artificial intelligence: what it is and how it works. AI & SOCIETY, 39(4), 1871–1882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01635-y
Nurmeyanka, R. T., & Pangesti, K. D. (2026). Rekonstruksi Regulasi Perlindungan Data Pribadi Berbasis Blockchain Guna Mendukung Transformasi Digital Berdasarkan Teori Perlindungan Hukum. JOURNAL of LEGAL RESEARCH, 7(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.15408/jlr.v7i2.49931
Pisani, G. (2024). The right to self-determination in the digital platform economy. Computer Law & Security Review, 53, 105964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.105964
Pratama, W. A., & Ahmad, Muh. J. (2025). Dekonstruksi Yuridis Trilogi Infrastruktur Digital dalam Tatanan Hukum Positif di Indonesia. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(4), 3818–3832. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4005
Rifky Mustaqim Handoko, Budi Aulyansyah Ahmad Trisna, Ryan Delon Pratama, & Jadiaman Parhusip. (2024). Implementasi Blockchain untuk Keamanan Sistem Pembayaran Digital dan Optimasi Transaksi Keuangan (Studi Kasus Industri Fintech di Indonesia). Teknik: Jurnal Ilmu Teknik Dan Informatika, 4(2), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.51903/teknik.v4i2.589
Republik Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Republik Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Republik Indonesia. (2022). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi.
Republik Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan.
Setianingsih, R., Negeri, U. I., & Utara, S. (2024). Analisis Teknologi Blockchain Berperan dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan dan Data Privasi di Sektor Keuangan Terhadap Implementasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara ( JINU), 1(4), 3047–9673. https://doi.org/10.61722/jinu.v1i4.1841
Simatupang, J. M., & Indrayani, E. (2025). Blockchain Adoption Readiness: Expert Perspectives on Policy, Implementation, and Governance in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2681
Solichin, A. B. (2025). Implikasi Hukum Atas Peralihan Kewenangan Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Aset Kripto dari Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Kepada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023. Lex Prospicit, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.19166/lp.v3i1.7762
Suwandi, J. (2025). Keabsahan Tanda Tangan Elektronik Dalam Transaksi Berbasis Blockchain Berdasarkan Hukum di Indonesia dan Implikasinya. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i4.879
Ter-Martirosyan, L. (2025). Smart Contract Accountability Problems: Default Oracle Liability as the Solution. Columbia Business Law Review, 2025(1). https://doi.org/10.52214/cblr.v2025i1.14257
Utomo, T. P. (2022). IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN DI PERPUSTAKAAN : PELUANG, TANTANGAN DAN HAMBATAN. Buletin Perpustakaan, 4(2), 173–200. https://journal.uii.ac.id/Buletin-Perpustakaan/article/view/22232
Walch, A. (2019). In Code(rs) We Trust. In Regulating Blockchain (pp. 58–82). Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842187.003.0004
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Published
2026-07-29
How to Cite
Ahmad Sodiq, Muhammad David Marukhan, Aulia Zahnabila, & Alika Fitria Salmarani. (2026). LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE USE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA. Journal Informatic, Education and Management (JIEM), 8(2), 1004-1010. https://doi.org/10.61992/jiem.v8i2.454
Section
Articles
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